What Is a Herniated Disc?
A spinal disc is comprised of a softer center (nucleus pulposus) surrounded by a tough exterior (annulus fibrosus). A herniated disc occurs when some of the softer inner material pushes through a crack in the tougher exterior. Depending on the location and severity of the herniation, this can cause a pinched nerve, resulting in pain, numbness, and weakness in the arms or legs.
Some people experience no pain with a herniated disc, while others find it extremely debilitating. Most people who experience a herniated disc do not need surgery — conservative treatments are often effective first steps.
Signs & Symptoms
- Leg and/or arm pain: If the herniated disc is in your lower back, you may feel intense pain in your buttocks, thigh, and calf. If it is in your neck, pain typically radiates into the shoulder and arm.
- Numbness or tingling: People with a herniated disc often experience numbness or tingling in the body part served by the affected nerves.
- Weakness: Muscles served by the affected nerves tend to weaken, which can cause you to stumble, or impair your ability to lift or hold items.
Diagnosis
Dr. Ferachi will perform a thorough physical examination and review your medical history. Imaging studies — including X-rays, MRI, or CT scans — are commonly used to confirm the diagnosis and determine the location and extent of the disc herniation.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the severity of your symptoms. Conservative approaches include rest, anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, and spinal injections. If conservative treatment fails to provide relief and symptoms are severe or worsening, surgical options such as discectomy or spinal fusion may be considered. Dr. Ferachi will determine the most appropriate course of treatment on an individual basis.